Nanoparticles

2月 2, 2015

Separation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Water by Sedimentation in a Gradient Magnetic Field

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53697#.VM85jyzQrzE

ABSTRACT

Sedimentation dynamics of magnetite (γ-Fe3O4) nanopowders (10 – 20 nm) in water in the presence of a gradient magnetic field was studied by optical and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry methods. The magnetic field B ≤ 0.3 T, dB/dz ≤ 0.13 T/cm was produced by the system of permanent strip magnets. The initial sedimentation rate of the nanoparticles in water and under magnetic fields is higher for less concentrated suspensions (c0 = 0.1 g/l) than for more concentrated ones (c0 = 1 g/l). This might be connected with the formation of gel structures due to strong magnetic attraction between ferromagnetic nanoparticles. In the gravitation field, the suspensions of the particles (10 – 20 nm) remain stable for over 20 hours. The sedimentation process can be greatly accelerated by the action of a vertical gradient magnetic field, reducing the sedimentation time down to several minutes. In a gradient magnetic field enhanced by a steel grid, sedimentation of the nanopowder (c0 = 0.1 g/l) for 180 minutes resulted in reduction of the iron concentration in water down to 0.4 mg/l. In flowing water regime, the residual iron concentration in water 0.3 mg/l is reached after 80 minutes.

Cite this paper

Medvedeva, I. , Bakhteeva, I. , Zhakov, S. , Revvo, A. , Uimin, M. , Yermakov, A. , Byzov, I. , Mysik, A. and Shchegoleva, N. (2015) Separation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Water by Sedimentation in a Gradient Magnetic Field. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 111-118. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.72009.

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[20] Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water in Russian Federation 2.1.4.1116-02.                 eww150202lx
1月 27, 2015

Preparation and Characterization of Subsurface Silver Particulate Films on Polymer Blends of Polystyrene/Poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Poly(vinylpyrollidone)/Poly(4-vinylpyridine)

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53523#.VMdF_yzQrzE

ABSTRACT

Silver particulate thin films on softened polymer blends of Polystyrene (PS)/Poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), PS/Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), and Poly(vinylpyrollidone) (PVP)/P4VP at a rate of 0.4 nm/s held at a temperature of 457 K in vacuum of 8 × 10-6 Torr by evaporation are deposited. These silver films were characterized by their electrical behavior, optical properties and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Silver films deposited on softened PS, and PVP give rise to a very high room temperature resistance approaching that of the substrate resistance due to the formation of a highly agglomerated structure. On the other hand, silver films on softened P2VP and P4VP gives rise to a room temperature resistance in the range of tens to a few hundred MΩ/ which is desirable for device applications. Silver films on the composites of PS/P2VP, PS/P4VP and PVP/P4VP show resistances at room temperature. The optical and plasmonic response of Ag nanoparticles onto thin layers of blends shows encapsulation of nanoparticles. The electrical properties and SEM of silver nanoparticles on the thin layers of polymer blends indicate the formation of much smaller, narrower dispersion and wide size distribution.

Cite this paper

Pandey, P. (2015) Preparation and Characterization of Subsurface Silver Particulate Films on Polymer Blends of Polystyrene/Poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Poly(vinylpyrollidone)/Poly(4-vinylpyridine). Soft Nanoscience Letters, 5, 3-11. doi: 10.4236/snl.2015.51002.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01599-5                                                              eww150127lx
1月 9, 2015

Chlorambucil Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles and Cytotoxic Effects in Breast Cancer Cell

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53000#.VK9BqsnQrzE

ABSTRACT

The present work aimed to develop and evaluate a colloidal system composed of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) associated with chlorambucil (CHB) and its effects on cancer cells. The nanoparticles showed %EE (>92%), a mean particle size in the range of 240 to 334 nm and zeta potential of -16.7 to -26.0 mV. In vitro release profile showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial burst for all formulations. The scanning electron microscopy of CHB-nanoparticles showed regular spherical shapes, smooth surface without aggregations. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed showing the entrapment of the antitumoral in drug delivery system. CHB encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles decrease the survival rates of the breast cancer cells: 68.9% reduction of cell viability on MCF-7 cell line and 59.7% on NIH3T3. Our results indicated that polymeric nanoparticles produced by classical methods are efficient drug delivery systems for CHB.

Cite this paper

Dias, D. , Joanitti, G. , Azevedo, R. , Silva, L. , Lunardi, C. and Gomes, A. (2015) Chlorambucil Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles and Cytotoxic Effects in Breast Cancer Cell. Journal of Biophysical Chemistry, 6, 1-13. doi: 10.4236/jbpc.2015.61001.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652040410001673919                                                   eww150109lx
10月 23, 2014

Spray-Dry Agglomerated Nanoparticles in Ordinary Portland Cement Matrix

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50665#.VEhYjVfHRK0

ABSTRACT

Nano-sized particles have got a focus of great interest for the past decade. These ultrafine particles can have an effect in multiple ways on concrete technology. Although most of the effects of nanoparticles are desired, a huge surface area introduced by nanoparticles also incorporates negative effects, such as loss of workability and safety aspects. Agglomeration of nano-sized particles by spray-drying is one potential method to overcome the negative effects. In this study, ultra-fine material was dispersed and agglomerated successfully. Agglomerate structure was analyzed and performance was evaluated with mortar samples. Agglomerated nano-sized material had micron-sized inner porosity, which enabled water penetration into the agglomerates. In water exposure, agglomerates did not dissolve although some of binder glue and dispersing agent leaked out. Water penetration and organic material leaking enabled high reactivity and workability of the agglomerated nanoparticles. In spite of the high reactivity of agglomerated nanoparticles, slightly lower final compression strengths were observed with agglomerated ultrafine particles. The results of this study can be used in concrete technology when further developing admixture technologies and recipe designs. The negative side-effects of the agglomerated nanoparticles can be overcome and accounted for within application areas.

Cite this paper

Vehmas, T. , Kanerva, U. and Holt, E. (2014) Spray-Dry Agglomerated Nanoparticles in Ordinary Portland Cement Matrix. Materials Sciences and Applications, 5, 837-844. doi: 10.4236/msa.2014.512084.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00942-0.                                                                    eww141023lx
10月 7, 2014

Biodegradable Guar Gum Nanoparticles as Carrier for Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Breast Cancer

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50278#.VDNjSlfHRK0

ABSTRACT

We prepared, characterized and studied the biodistribution of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) loaded cross-linked guar gum (GG) nanoparticles (NPs). NPs were prepared via a single step emulsion process and particle size evaluated. The extent of tissue distribution and retention following oral administration of TMX loaded GG NPs and TMX tablet in female albino mice was analyzed over a period of 48 hours. Till 48 hours, the particles remained detectable in both mammary and ovary tissue (estrogen receptors). Uptake and retention of TMX from NPs and tablet in mammary gland and ovary tissue changed with time. Results showed that the uptake and retention of NPs was more in the mammary gland between 24 – 48 hours (11.2% at 24 h; 4.65% at 48 h). As mammary gland is the target organ in breast cancer therapy, it may be concluded that the cross-linked GG NPs are capable of releasing the drug at the target and minimize the uptake and retention in non target tissue, the ovary (7.98% at 24 h; 1.9% at 48 h). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with time were measured. No abnormal changes in the liver enzymes were observed. GG NPs under study can be used as a drug carrier system for treating cancer.

Cite this paper

Sarmah, J. , Bhattacharjee, S. , Roy, S. , Mahanta, R. and Mahanta, R. (2014) Biodegradable Guar Gum Nanoparticles as Carrier for Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Breast Cancer. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 5, 220-228. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2014.54026.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.037                                                            eww141007lx