Day: 11月 11, 2014

11月 11, 2014

Photoacoustic Detection in the Michelson Interferometer Cavity

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47107#.VGFsqWfHRK0

Author(s)

Mohammad I. Abu Taha, Ahmed S. Jabr

Affiliation(s)

Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.
The School of Science Research, Al Qusais, Dubai.

ABSTRACT

For the first time, we report photoacoustic (PA) signal detection in a cell placed within the Michelson interferometer cavity in an attempt to relate photoacoustic effect to the Michelson fringe shift as a result of changes in the cell. Both detection schemes were investigated using IR absorption and their sensitivities compared. Signals related to Michelson interferometer fringe and PA effect have shown good correlations with each other using different samples including some essential oils and their corresponding plant part from which the essential oil is usually obtained. Results were encouraging and will open the door widely to use the combined Michelson interferometer-photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in trace gas detection for different applications.

KEYWORDS

Michelson Interferometer, Photoacoustic Effect, Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Trace Gas Detection, Miniature Infrared Source

Cite this paper

Taha, M. and Jabr, A. (2014) Photoacoustic Detection in the Michelson Interferometer Cavity. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 763-772. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.59086.

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11月 11, 2014

Are the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights the Way for Development? A Precedence Investigation between Human Development Index and Index of Patent Rights

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47106#.VGFsmmfHRK0

ABSTRACT

The main question, which leads this analysis, interrogates the existence of a causality relation between the human development index and Index of Patent Rights. It was decided to use a database whereas all units of the cross section have the same periods of time for human development index and Index of Patent Rights. This database covers 84 countries with the two indicators between 1975 and 2005. By the use of the Granger test, it was found that Index of Patent Rights does not temporally precede human development index, which indicates the veracity and, consequently, the corroboration of the idea of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights should represent the interests of the richer countries’ great corporations, and not the underdeveloped nations, as said in the statement of World Trade Organization.

Cite this paper

Ganzert, C. , Selan, B. and Terra, L. (2014) Are the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights the Way for Development? A Precedence Investigation between Human Development Index and Index of Patent Rights. Modern Economy, 5, 751-760. doi: 10.4236/me.2014.57069.

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11月 11, 2014

Passive Smoking and Children’s Health

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47105#.VGFsmWfHRK0

ABSTRACT

Tabagism is one of the greatest public health problems at the present time because this is the most important cause of preventabel deaths worldwide. Due to its impact on the health and welfare of all, the act of smoking causes problems for society, including that children, without being able to enjoy the freedom of choice, eventually become compulsory passive smokers since its conception. This article presents the main damages caused by smoking to human health, especially on children, who, because of their characteristics are more vulnerable to the effects of products derived from cigarette burns, mainly the effects of nicotine, carbon monoxide and more than 4700 substances produced by smoking. Also it highlights the importance that all efforts are directed towards protecting nonsmokers and improving environmental and health conditions for everyone.

Cite this paper

Del Ciampo, L. and Del Ciampo, I. (2014) Passive Smoking and Children’s Health. Health, 6, 1408-1414. doi: 10.4236/health.2014.612172.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.007                                                                         eww141111lx
11月 11, 2014

Islanding Protection and Islanding Detection in Low Voltage CIGRE Distribution Network with Distributed Generations

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47104#.VGFslWfHRK0

ABSTRACT

<span “=””>The Power Quality (PQ), security, reliability etc., are the prime objectives of the power system. The protection is developed in such a way that it should be selective, fast, reliable and the cost effective. The study about the islanding protection in Low Voltage (LV) CIGRE distribution and networks like this has been proposed in this paper. This is achieved by developing the protection against the short circuit faults which might appear at the Medium Voltage (MV) bus. The protection of the network with significant penetration of the Distributed Generations (DGs) is a complicated process. The DG units which are directly connected to the grid such as synchronous or induction generators contribute large short power, whereas the DG units which are connected to the grid via inverters carry small amount of the short circuit power. This creates the problems in the protection of the network. If the proper protection coordination measures have not been taken, it might cause the mal-function of the protection devices which put the portion of the power network into the security threats. The selection of the islanding protection devices in this paper is made to protect the network against bi-directional currents at the time of short circuit fault. The LV CIGRE distribution network will enter into islanding if a fault is cleared at the MV bus by the proposed islanding protection devices. It is therefore, essential to detect the islanding in the CIGRE power network. The detection of the island in this network is another major objective of this paper. The detection of the island is proposed by using the technique which is based on the voltage phase angle difference. The simulations are carried out by using DIgSILENT power factory software version 15.0.

Cite this paper

Mustafa Bhutto, G. , Ali, E. , Kumar, J. and Bhayo, M. (2014) Islanding Protection and Islanding Detection in Low Voltage CIGRE Distribution Network with Distributed Generations. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 5, 152-159. doi: 10.4236/sgre.2014.56014.

References

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http://www.abb.com                                                                                                                    eww141111lx
11月 11, 2014

HEIs-Regions Engagement Using Knowledge Management Strategy

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47103#.VGFrJWfHRK0

Author(s)

ABSTRACT

Historically, the higher education system was the first knowledge industry. Today however, it no longer stands alone, but is one knowledge industry among many. Now, more than ever before, there is a stronger cooperation between the academia and industry, due to interdisciplinary activities, and because R & D activities are not limited to universities, but performed by industry too. Thus, new knowledge is created not only in universities and research institutes, but also in industry. Also, the implementation of knowledge develops not only in industry, but also within the academia. This means that the boundaries between industrial and academic research have been blurred. However, in spite of this fact, we still have not witnessed the breakthrough that we have been anticipating so keenly. It is highly important that policy leaders and decision makers in both the academia and industry should use “knowledge tools” for better communication between them. In industry, the tremendous value of knowledge strategy for business sustainability has already been realized. But while knowledge management tools that are suited to the current knowledge world have been implemented in industry for some time now, universities have not yet done so.

Cite this paper

Perry, M. (2014) HEIs-Regions Engagement Using Knowledge Management Strategy. Modern Economy, 5, 742-750. doi: 10.4236/me.2014.57068.

References

[1] STRIKE (2010) Website Science and Technology Research in a Knowledge-Based Economy (STRIKE). http://w3.cost.esf.org/index.php?id=233&action_number=IS0604
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11月 11, 2014

Prognostic Value of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Second Line Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47102#.VGFrIWfHRK0

ABSTRACT

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lethal disease and hence the strong need for identifying new prognostic factors. Methods: This is a retrospective study including all eligible patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) presenting to National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Neutrophil lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was assessed before second line chemotherapy. 2.5 was used as the cutoff point. Endpoints were the assessment of correlation between N/L ratio and clinical response (CR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: 52 patients (19 stage III and 33 stage IV) MPM were included and followed up during the period from July 2009 till November 2012 with a median follow-up period of 2.6 months. 87.5% of patients with N/L ratio > 2.5 showed progressive disease versus 91.7% in patients with N/L ratio < 2.5 (P-value = 0.66). 6-month PFS was 11% for patients with N/L ratio > 2.5 versus 14% for patients with N/L ratio < 2.5 (P-value = 0.001). 6-month OS was 72% for patients with N/L ratio > 2.5 versus 66% for patients with N/L ratio < 2.5 (P-value = 0.4). Conclusion: N/L ratio is a potential prognostic marker for advanced MPM treated with second line chemotherapy.

Cite this paper

El Bastawisy, A. , Yahia, M. , Rahman, A. and Gaafar, R. (2014) Prognostic Value of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Second Line Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 5, 717-722. doi: 10.4236/jct.2014.57080.

References

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[16] Meniawy, T., Creaney, J., Lake, R. and Nowak, A. (2013) Existing Models, but Not Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Are Prognostic in Malignant Mesothelioma. British Journal of Cancer, 109, 1813-1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.504
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11月 11, 2014

Statistical Analysis of Subsurface Diffusion of Solar Energy with Implications for Urban Heat Stress

Read  full  paper  at:

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47101#.VGFrIGfHRK0

Author(s)

  1. P. Silverman

Affiliation(s)

Department of Physics, Trinity College, Hartford, USA.

ABSTRACT

Analysis of hourly underground temperature measurements at a medium-size (by population) US city as a function of depth and extending over 5+ years revealed a positive trend exceeding the rate of regional and global warming by an order of magnitude. Measurements at depths greater than ~2 m are unaffected by daily fluctuations and sense only seasonal variability. A comparable trend also emerged from the surface temperature record of the largest US city (New York). Power spectral analysis of deep and shallow subsurface temperature records showed respectively two kinds of power-law behavior: 1) a quasi-continuum of power amplitudes indicative of Brownian noise, superposed (in the shallow record) by 2) a discrete spectrum of diurnal harmonics attributable to the unequal heat flux between daylight and darkness. Spectral amplitudes of the deepest temperature time series (2.4 m) conformed to a log-hyperbolic distribution. Upon removal of seasonal variability from the temperature record, the resulting spectral amplitudes followed a log-exponential distribution. Dynamical analysis showed that relative amplitudes and phases of temperature records at different depths were in excellent accord with a 1-dimensional heat diffusion model.

KEYWORDS

Time Series Analysis, Heat Conduction, Thermal Diffusion, Power Laws, Climate Change, Heat-Island Effect

Cite this paper

Silverman, M. (2014) Statistical Analysis of Subsurface Diffusion of Solar Energy with Implications for Urban Heat Stress. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 751-762. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.59085.

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11月 11, 2014

A Note on Hydromagnetic Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid near an Infinite Plate Induced by Half Rectified Sine Pulses

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47100#.VGFo8mfHRK0

ABSTRACT

An initial value problem concerning the motion of an incompressible, electrically conducting, viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid bounded by an infinite rigid non-conducting plate is solved. The unsteady motion is generated impulsively from rest in the fluid due to half rectified sine pulses subjected on the plate in its own plane in presence of an external magnetic field. It is assumed that no external electric field is acting on the system and the magnetic Reynolds number is very small. The operational method is used to obtain exact solutions for the fluid velocity and the shear stress on the wall. Quantitative analysis of the results is presented with a view to disclose the simultaneous effects of the external magnetic field and the fluid elasticity on the flow and the wall shear stress for different periods of pulsation of the plate. It is also shown that the classical and hydromagnetic Rayleigh solutions appear as the limiting cases of the present analysis.

Cite this paper

Ghosh, A. , Datta, S. and Sen, P. (2014) A Note on Hydromagnetic Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid near an Infinite Plate Induced by Half Rectified Sine Pulses. Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 4, 226-240. doi: 10.4236/ojfd.2014.42017.

References

[1] Ghosh, A.K. (1965) Flow of Viscous Liquid Set up between Two Co-Axial Cylinders Due to Pulses of Longitudinal Impulses Applied on the Inner Cylinder. Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 9, 222.
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11月 11, 2014

Risk Factors Associated with Anthracycline Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47099#.VGFo72fHRK0

ABSTRACT

Anthracyclines (i.e., doxorubicin, daunorubicin) have significant impact on outcome in many pediatric chemotherapy protocols and therefore remain the mainstay of treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction in pediatric patients. Multiple logistic regression model was applied to assess the risk factors for development of cardiac dysfunction. 110 pediatric oncology patients were available for final analysis. 75 (66%) children were males and mean age was 74 ± 44 months. ALL (n = 70, 64%) was the most common primary diagnosis followed by lymphoma (n = 19; 17%) and AML (n = 12, 11%). Daunorubicin alone or in combination with doxorubicin was used in (n = 94, 85%) patients and cumulative dose < 300 mg was used in (n = 95; 86%) children. 24 (22%) children received radiation therapy as per protocol and sepsis were observed in 47 (43%) cases. Post anthracycline, 15 (14%) children had cardiac dysfunction within a month; out of them 10/15 (67%) had isolated diastolic dysfunction, while 28 (25%) developed dysfunction within a year. 19 (17%) had pericardial effusion. 11 expired and out of them, 7 had significant cardiac dysfunction. Cumulative dose > 300 mg/m2 (p < 0.001; AOR 2.3), radiation therapy (p = 0.009; AOR 3.5) and sepsis (p = 0.002; AOR 2.6) were found to be independent risk factors associated anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction. At univariant level use of daunorubicin alone or in combination therapy (p < 0.001, OR 7) and mode of delivery (p 0.048, OR 9.7) were also found statistically significant. In conclusion anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction is mostly related to cumulative dose > 300 mg/m2, use of Daunorubicin alone or in combination with doxorubicin, mode of delivery, radiation therapy and sepsis. Regular long term follow-up with cardiologist is the key point for early diagnosis and therapy for a long term survival.

Cite this paper

Shaikh, A. , Alam, M. , Mohsin, S. , Abbas, Q. , Fadoo, Z. and Atiq, M. (2014) Risk Factors Associated with Anthracycline Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 4, 377-383. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2014.47047.

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11月 11, 2014

Use of the Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach as a Decision Aid Tool for the Selection of Development Projects in Northern Quebec

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47098#.VGFo7WfHRK0

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to present a summary of research results relating to the application of the dominance-based rough set (DRSA) approach to the selection of projects in the context of the Northern Quebec development plan. Based on this research, decision makers will be able to rank municipalities according to their actual needs in social and economic terms. We believe that public administrators will be able to use various socio-economic indicators in order to classify, based on chosen criteria, municipalities (objects) in one of the following four categories: [A]―the best in the region in terms of the criteria considered; [B]―those that need support in order to acquire category A status; [C]―those that need support in order to acquire category B status; [D]― those ranked lowest in the region and needing special support with regard to the criterion or criteria considered. These four categories are delimited by quartiles relative to the average ranking of municipalities. The chosen criteria are measured in order to provide decision rules based on this classification. These decision rules thus focus on the social and economic needs of municipalities with respect to improving their performance and classification. By targeting these needs, DRSA will help administrators of the Northern Quebec development plan to prioritize actions or to evaluate, for example the social and economic impact of a project in a municipality.

Cite this paper

Marin, J. , Zaras, K. and Boudreau-Trudel, B. (2014) Use of the Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach as a Decision Aid Tool for the Selection of Development Projects in Northern Quebec. Modern Economy, 5, 723-741. doi: 10.4236/me.2014.57067.

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