China

2月 25, 2015

The Prevalence of Blindness, Visual Impairment and Cataract Surgery in Tuoketuo and Shangdu Counties, Inner Mongolia, China

Read  full  paper  at:http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=54117#.VO2EiyzQrzE

Aim: A population-based survey was conducted in Tuoketuo and Shangdu Counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, in the Autumn of 2010, to assess the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment of people aged 50 years and over. Methods: Random cluster sampling was used to select 82 clusters of 50 residents in the 2 counties. Each survey team included an ophthalmologist, a nurse and a coordinator, who went to door to door in each cluster to identify eligible people. A torch, direct ophthalmoscope and portable slit lamp were used for eye examination. Visual acuity (VA) was tested for each eye of every subject. Those with VA below 6/18 in either eye were examined and causes identified. Results: The survey identified a prevalence of blindness in people aged 50+ in Tuoketuo of 1.2% (95% Confidence Interval: 0.7% – 1.7%) and in Shangdu of 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0% – 1.9%). Cataract was identified as the leading cause of blindness (BL) and severe visual impairment (SVI), and uncorrected refractive errors were the major causes of moderate visual impairment (MVI) in both counties. Over two thirds of blindness, SVI and MVI were identified as avoidable. Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness in people aged 50+ in Tuoketuo and Shangdu was low compared to other studies conducted in China [1] [2]. The prevalence of blindness of people aged 50 years and over could be reduced by up to two thirds through better eye services in the two study areas.

Cite this paper

Xiao, B. , Yi, J. , Limburg, H. , Zhang, G. , Mesurier, R. , Müller, A. , Congdon, N. and Iezzi, B. (2015) The Prevalence of Blindness, Visual Impairment and Cataract Surgery in Tuoketuo and Shangdu Counties, Inner Mongolia, China. Open Journal of Ophthalmology, 5, 23-30. doi: 10.4236/ojoph.2015.51005.

References

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2月 13, 2015

Credibility and Signaling as Strategic Drivers in China’s African Security Engagement

Read  full  paper  at:http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53973#.VN2sUCzQrzE

The aim of this paper is to show that strategic interaction provides a fruitful way to understand China’s decision-making behavior. States are actors in global politics and frequently have to make choices that are strategic. Credibility and uncertainty are central issues in this environment of incomplete information. This raises the question how China signals its motivations along this strategic chessboard. Strategic interaction assumes purposeful behavior from China in the African security environment. Signaling allows China to consider the problem of unknown motivations, making choices based in part, on what other actors are likely to do in the future. Knowing the choices of other African actors can help China judge what likely responses are.

Cite this paper

Herman, F. (2015) Credibility and Signaling as Strategic Drivers in China’s African Security Engagement. Chinese Studies, 4, 25-31. doi: 10.4236/chnstd.2015.41005.

References

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1月 28, 2015

China’s Public Diplomacy: Main Vectors

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53561#.VMiO1CzQrzE

Author(s)

ABSTRACT

This paper examines China’s public diplomacy components and content in general, discussing some of the main vectors of China’s public diplomacy, cultural and political influence by the way of “soft power”. The paper does not review PRC’s public diplomacy politics toward specific countries or regions. In the 60-plus years since the birth of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, and in the last 3 decades in particular, China’s national strength has grown constantly and its role on the world stage has become more important. In this term, brilliant achievements in the field of diplomacy have been made. But still China faces new tasks and challenges. Because of its development and influence in the world, it is a necessary step for China to take to strengthen its PD (public diplomacy) in both domestic and foreign context.

Cite this paper

Sargsyan, G. (2015) China’s Public Diplomacy: Main Vectors. Chinese Studies, 4, 10-14. doi: 10.4236/chnstd.2015.41002.

References

[1] Jeffers, M. (2012). New Wine in Old Bottles: Relationships in Public Diplomacy.
http://takefiveblog.org/2012/10/12/new-wine-in-old-bottles-relationships-in-public-diplomacy/
[2] Lai Hongyi (2006). China’s Cultural Diplomacy: Going for Soft Power. EAI Background Brief No. 308, p. 7.
[3] Lejli, H. A. (2011). Public Diplomacy of People’s Republic of China. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo.
[4] Sargsyan, G. (2010). “Soft Power” Concept at the PRC “Peaceful Development” Politics. Kantegh-Scientific Articles, Yerevan.
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[6] Zhao Qizheng (2012). How China Communicates. Foreign Languages Press, Beijing.
[7] Zhu Feng (2012). China Could See Diplomatic Revolution under Xi Jinping. China Daily.       eww150128lx
1月 27, 2015

A New Species of Ehretia, Ehretia retroserrata in Nujiang County, Yunnan Province, China

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53532#.VMdOrizQrzE

ABSTRACT

On the investigation of the biodiverisities of plant resources of Nujiang River Valley in Nujiang Autonomous Prefacure, Yunnan Province, China, a new species of Ehretia has been described and illustrated as Ehretia retroserrata in the arid valley of Nujiang according to the new living state of erect shrub and the characteristics of serrate leave margin, retrose, apiculate, endocarp divided at maturity into 4 1-seeded pyrene and serrate leaves margins by comparison with other species of the genus Ehretia.

Cite this paper

Yang, S. , Du, F. , Zhou, D. and Hou, Z. (2015) A New Species of Ehretia, Ehretia retroserrata in Nujiang County, Yunnan Province, China. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 260-263. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.61029.

References

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1月 14, 2015

Mapping and Evaluating Regional University-Industry Knowledge Flow through Patent Licensing

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53107#.VLXH0snQrzE

ABSTRACT

Different regions had various kinds of academic resources and industries competitors. The knowledge and innovation output generated by researchers in academy had been transferred into industries through patent licensing. Using the patent licensing document analyzing method and the mapping technique, the academic-industry knowledge flowing patterns of different regions in China had been discovered and visualized in maps. The regional performance of academic-industry knowledge transfer was rather mixed and unbalanced. Based on the licensing performance data, this paper had also generated a 4 × 4 block matrix as evaluation tool and ranked 28 Chinese regions into 8 levels according to their academic licensing performance. Further suggestions and advice had been given for regions in different levels.

Cite this paper

Gao, X. , Chen, Y. , Song, W. , Peng, X. and Song, X. (2015) Mapping and Evaluating Regional University-Industry Knowledge Flow through Patent Licensing. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 1-12. doi: 10.4236/jss.2015.31001.

References

[1] Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business Press, Boston.
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1月 8, 2015

A Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized Printed Antenna with Coaxial Feeds for TD-SCDMA Application

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52947#.VK3gj8nQrzE

ABSTRACT

In this article, a low-profile wideband dual-polarized planar printed dipole antenna, fed by coaxial lines, is investigated for the TD-SCDMA operation. The antenna is composed of two printed dipoles, two pairs of feeding coaxial lines and a ground. The single-polarized planar printed rectangular dipole and petal dipole, with the similar configuration, are first studied, exhibiting the potential wideband operation. Two petal dipoles are then cross-arranged to design a dual-polarized planar printed antenna, giving a lower profile and a better bandwidth covering the Chinese TD-SCDMA band (1880-2400 MHz). The dual-polarized antenna is simply excited by two pairs of coaxial feeds. Simulated and measured results show that the antenna achieves a common impedance bandwidth of 42% at both ports, good isolation of more than 25 dB, stable radiation patterns and the gain of about 7 dBi over the operating bandwidth.

Cite this paper

Liu, Y. , Tang, W. , Ge, Y. and Li, G. (2015) A Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized Printed Antenna with Coaxial Feeds for TD-SCDMA Application. Wireless Engineering and Technology, 6, 1-8. doi: 10.4236/wet.2015.61001.

References

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http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/PIER11111610                                                                                       eww150108lx
12月 24, 2014

Technology Transferring Performance of Chinese Universities: Insights from Patent Licensing Data

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52511#.VJor8cCAM4

ABSTRACT

This paper had collected the patent licensing documents of all Chinese universities and made a comprehensive study on licensing performance. With a whole set of data from SIPO, the exact licensing frequency number and licensing propensity number of Chinese universities had been obtained for the first time. On average, 16.03 patents (6%) per university had been licensed out to the industry, which is much lower than expectations. The frequency of licensing, propensity of licensing, number of partners (licensees), number of patent stocks, local-transfer ratio and the distribution of licensing frequency in terms of university-firm distance had been obtained in details. Five hypotheses had been made to discover the variances in university licensing performance. With the ANOVA technique, five hypotheses had been confirmed within the dataset, which had revealed a significant effect of patent stocks, local economic performance, central government support, existence of TTO and local government administration on university licensing performance.

Cite this paper

Gao, X. , Song, W. , Peng, X. and Song, X. (2014) Technology Transferring Performance of Chinese Universities: Insights from Patent Licensing Data. Advances in Applied Sociology, 4, 289-300. doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2014.412032.

References

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0577-5
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[4] Baldini, N. (2006). University Patenting and Licensing Activity: A Review of the Literature. Research Evaluation, 15, 197-207.
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[5] Bozeman, B. (2000). Technology Transfer and Public Policy: A Review of Research and Theory. Research Policy, 29, 627-655.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-011-9233-8                                                                          eww141224lx
12月 11, 2014

Innovative Planning and New-Type Urbanization in China: The Case of Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52137#.VIkPW8nQrzE

ABSTRACT

Urbanization has been a transformative process in 21st century China. This paper seeks to examine the process of urbanization in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, specifically to identify the ways in which Wuxi City has engaged in new-type urbanization—an innovative pattern of urban development that seeks to integrate urban and rural development, achieve environmental sustainability, and provide for the wellbeing of an urbanized citizenry. The City’s model has potentially important reference value for other cities and towns in developed areas of China that are in the process of fashioning their own innovative pattern of urbanization.

Cite this paper

Zhu, W. , Bernard Jr., P. , Plaisent, M. and Chiang, J. (2014) Innovative Planning and New-Type Urbanization in China: The Case of Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province. Current Urban Studies, 2, 307-314. doi: 10.4236/cus.2014.24029.

References

[1] Ba, S., & Yang, X. (2013). Great Transformation Urbanization: Financial Perspective. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press.
[2] Chen, X. (2009). Push-Pull Model and Empirical Analysis of Rural Labor Transfer in China. Science Technology and Industry, 9, 12-19.
[3] Li, Y., & Wu, F. (2014). Reconstructing Urban Scale: New Experiments with the “Provincial Administration of Counties” Reform in China. The China Review, 14, 147-174.
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[8] Wu, F., & Zhang, J. (2007). Planning the Competitive City-Region: The Emergence of Strategic Development in China. Urban Affairs Review, 42, 714-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087406298119
[9] Zhou, N., He, G., & Williams, C. (2012). China’s Development of Low Carbon Eco-Cities and Associated Indicator Systems. Berkeley, CA: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBNL-5873E.    eww141211lx
11月 26, 2014

Internet, “Rivers and Lakes”: Locating Chinese Alternative Public Sphere

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http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51691#.VHUiqmfHRK0

Author(s)

ABSTRACT

Internet is supposed to have natural and inherent relationship with democratization, and is also supposed to act as the main battlefield for the public to fight against the authoritarian. The Internet in China, however, does not serve as the “democratic public sphere” for people to fight against the ruling power directly and roundly; instead, it seems to be a Chinese style term of “Jianghu” 江 湖—literally means “rivers and lakes”—an “alternative public sphere” for Chinese people. This article was from the perspective of cultural studies, based on the methodology of case study and textual analysis. It took two cases, namely, the Event of South China Tiger Photos and Event of Deng Yujiao 邓玉娇, to analyze the cultural practice of Internet events, particularly the expression channels, emotion mobilizations and communication mechanisms of netizens, indicating the emergence of China alternative public sphere and its implication to the state and society.

Cite this paper

Zhongxuan, L. (2014) Internet, “Rivers and Lakes”: Locating Chinese Alternative Public Sphere. Chinese Studies, 3, 144-156. doi: 10.4236/chnstd.2014.34021.

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11月 20, 2014

An Empirical Analysis for Over-Sophisticated Export and Regional Economic Growth

Read  full  paper  at:

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51527#.VG1CkjRATyQ

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the hypothesis of export sophistication-led growth in the case of China. Using a panel data covering Chinese provinces and the period between 2003 and 2008, this paper examines whether regional exports with higher sophistication help to increase rates of regional growth. The empirical results reveal a positive relationship between export sophistication and growth in China. And the relationship is found to be driven by the export of coastal provinces.

Cite this paper

Chen, Y. and Xiong, X. (2014) An Empirical Analysis for Over-Sophisticated Export and Regional Economic Growth. Modern Economy, 5, 1114-1119. doi: 10.4236/me.2014.512103.

References

[1] Shan, J. and Sun, F. (1998) On the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Econometric Evidence from China. Applied Economics, 30, 1055-1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368498325228
[2] Mah, J.S. (2005) Export Expansion, Economic Growth and Causality in China. Applied Economics Letters, 12, 105-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000314343
[3] Tang, T.C. (2006) New Evidence on Export Expansion, Economic Growth and Causality in China. Applied Economics Letters, 13, 801-803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850500425303
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